A device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy is a thermopile. It consists of multiple thermocouples connected in series or parallel. A thermocouple, the fundamental unit, generates a voltage proportional to a temperature difference. By connecting numerous thermocouples, the voltage output is amplified, making it easier to measure small temperature variations or detect low-level heat sources. An example is found in infrared thermometers, where it detects infrared radiation emitted by an object to determine its temperature without physical contact.
The significance of this technology lies in its ability to measure temperature remotely and accurately. This is particularly useful in environments where physical contact with the object being measured is impractical, dangerous, or impossible. Historically, these devices were crucial in early experiments involving radiant heat and have evolved to become indispensable components in various modern applications, ranging from industrial process control to energy harvesting.
