A specified dollar amount an insured party must pay before the insurance company begins to cover losses. It is essentially a deductible on a large scale, often utilized in commercial insurance policies. For example, a corporation with a $100,000 arrangement of this type would be responsible for paying the initial $100,000 of any covered loss before the insurance policy responds. This differs from a standard deductible which typically applies per claim.
This arrangement allows organizations to assume a greater portion of their risk, potentially reducing premium costs. By retaining more of the initial risk, the insured entity can benefit from lower insurance premiums, as the insurance carrier is only responsible for losses exceeding the specified amount. Its use can be traced back to the desire of larger companies to manage risk more strategically and exert greater control over claims handling processes.