An initial court appearance where an individual accused of a crime is formally notified of the charges against them. This process typically involves the judge confirming the identity of the defendant, advising them of their legal rights, including the right to counsel and the right to remain silent, and entering a plea. For example, if someone is arrested for theft, they will be brought before a judge who will read the charges and explain their options.
This stage is a critical component of due process, ensuring that individuals are aware of the accusations against them and have the opportunity to understand their legal recourse. Historically, this formal reading of charges served to prevent secret detentions and ensure transparency in legal proceedings. One primary benefit is allowing the accused to begin building their defense with full knowledge of the situation.