Coastal erosion occurs when waves, driven by wind and currents, wear away the base of cliffs and shorelines. This process often concentrates its force on weaker rock strata or areas with pre-existing fractures. As the base erodes, an overhang is created, leaving the upper portions unsupported. Eventually, gravity overcomes the remaining cohesive forces, and the overhanging rock collapses. This process frequently results in the formation of distinct coastal landforms, such as sea caves, arches, stacks, and wave-cut platforms.
The reshaping of coastlines through this erosional process has profound implications for both natural environments and human populations. It influences the development of habitats for intertidal organisms and shapes the overall appearance of the coastline. Understanding these processes is crucial for managing coastal development, mitigating the risks of land loss, and implementing effective coastal protection strategies. Historically, the study of coastal erosion has provided valuable insights into geological time scales and the dynamic interplay between natural forces.
