Thermoelectric modules, often referred to by a specific architecture incorporating them, are semiconductor-based electronic components that function as heat pumps. Applying a voltage across the device creates a temperature difference between its two sides. Conversely, a temperature difference generates a voltage. These modules, based on the Peltier effect, find application in diverse sectors.
The appeal of these solid-state devices stems from their compact size, lack of moving parts, and precise temperature control capabilities. They provide reliable and efficient cooling or heating solutions in scenarios where traditional methods are less suitable, such as environments sensitive to vibration or requiring pinpoint accuracy. Historically, early applications were limited by efficiency, but advancements in materials science have greatly improved performance, leading to wider adoption.
