Decomposition of organic materials in landfills produces biogas, primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide. Methane, a potent greenhouse gas, escapes into the atmosphere if not captured, contributing significantly to climate change. Additionally, other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released, which can contribute to smog formation and pose respiratory health risks. Landfill fires, though less frequent, can release particulate matter and other hazardous pollutants into the air.
Controlling landfill gas emissions is crucial for mitigating climate change and protecting public health. Strategies include gas collection and utilization systems, which capture methane for energy production, and improved landfill management practices to minimize the generation of biogas. Historically, landfills were often unlined and unregulated, leading to uncontrolled emissions. Modern regulations and engineering practices aim to minimize environmental impacts, but ongoing monitoring and innovation remain essential.
